Adaptação cultural e validação da reason of using face masks cale para brasileiros / Adaptación cultural y validación de la reason of using face mask scale para brasileños / Cultural adaptation and validation of the reason of using face mask scale for brazilians

RESUMO Objetivo: realizar a tradução, adaptação cultural e validação da Reason of Using Face Mask Scale entre brasileiros. Métodos: estudo metodológico realizado entre abril e maio de 2020 mediante as seguintes etapas: tradução; síntese das traduções; retrotradução; comitê de juízes; pré-teste e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas. A coleta dos dados foi online a partir de mensagens enviadas por meio de mídias sociais. O questionário foi disponibilizado a partir de um link e os dados armazenados no Google Forms. Utilizou-se a Análise Fatorial Exploratória, testes de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin e de Esfericidade de Bartlett para constatar se a amostra era adequada e passível de fatoração. Resultados: a escala foi traduzida para o português, avaliada por cinco especialistas, pré-testada com 20 adultos e aplicada em 500 pessoas da população brasileira. O índice de validade de conteúdo para a escala como um todo foi de 0,92. Os valores de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (0,639) e teste de esfericidade de Bartlett (p=0,000) indicaram que os itens eram fatoráveis. A variância explicada foi de 62,18%. Na validade de construto por grupos distintos, obteve-se resultado satisfatório (p<0,05). Conclusão: a Versão Brasileira da escalafoi adaptada para a cultura brasileira, sendo válida para avaliar os motivos para o uso de máscaras entre brasileiros.

RESUMEN Objetivo: realizar la traducción, adaptación cultural y validación de la Reason ofUsingFaceMaskScale entre brasileños. Métodos: estudio metodológico realizado entre abril y mayo de 2020 a través de las siguientes etapas: traducción; síntesis de las traducciones; retrotraducción; evaluación por jueces; pretest y evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas. La recolección de datos se realizó online a partir de mensajes enviados a través de redes sociales. La encuesta se hizo disponible a partir de un enlace y los datos almacenados en Google Forms. Se utilizó el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio, pruebas de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin y de Esfericidad de Bartlett para determinar si la muestra era adecuada y susceptible a la factorización. Resultados: la escala fue traducida al portugués, evaluada por cinco especialistas, pre-testada con 20 adultos y aplicada en 500 personas de la población brasileña. El índice de validez del contenido para la escala como un todo fue de 0,92. Los valores de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (0,639) y test de esfericidad de Bartlett (p=0,000) indicaron que los ítems eran susceptibles a la factorización. La varianza explicada fue de 62,18%. En la validez de constructo por grupos distintos se obtuvo resultado satisfactorio (p<0,05). Conclusión: la Versión Brasileña de la escala fue adaptada para la cultura brasileña yes válida para evaluar los motivos para el uso de máscaras entre brasileños.

ABSTRACT Objective: to carry out the translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Reason of Using Face Mask Scale among Brazilians. Methods: methodological study conducted between April and May 2020 using the following steps: translation; synthesis of translations; back-translation; committee of judges; pre-test and evaluation of psychometric properties. Data collection took place online from messages sent through social media. The questionnaire was made available from a link and the data stored in Google Forms. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett's Sphericity tests were used to check if the sample was adequate and factorable. Results: the scale was translated into Portuguese, evaluated by five experts, pre-tested with 20 adults and applied to 500 people from the Brazilian population. The content validity index for the scale as a whole was 0.92. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (0.639) and Bartlett's Sphericity test (p=0.000) values indicated that the items were factorable. The explained variance was 62.18%. In the construct validity for different groups, a satisfactory result was obtained (p<0.05). Conclusion: the Brazilian Version of the scale was adapted to the Brazilian culture and is valid to evaluate the reasons for the use of masks among Brazilians.

Perioperative nurses' experiences of caring for donation after cardiac death organ donors and their family within the operating room.

Background: Worldwide, operating rooms have seen the re-emergence of donation after cardiac death organ donors to increase the number of available organs. There is limited information on the issues perioperative nurses encounter when caring for donor patients after cardiac death who proceed to organ procurement surgery. Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to report a subset of findings derived from a larger study highlighting the difficulties experienced by perioperative nurses when encountering donation after cardiac death organ donors and their family within the operating room during organ procurement surgery from an Australian perspective. Methods: A qualitative grounded theory method was used to explore perioperative nurses' (n = 35) experiences of participating in multi-organ procurement surgery. Results: This paper reports a subset of findings of the perioperative nurses' experiences directly related to donation after cardiac death procedures drawn from a larger grounded theory study. Participants revealed four aspects conceptualised as: 'witnessing the death of the donation after cardiac death donor'; 'exposure to family'; 'witnessing family grief' and 'stepping into the family's role by default'. Conclusion: Perioperative nurses' experiences with donation after cardiac death procedures are complex, challenging and demanding. Targeted support, education and training will enhance the perioperative nurses' capabilities and experiences of caring for the donation after cardiac death donor and their family with the operating room context.

Relación entre afrontamiento y problemas externalizados e internalizados en hermanos de niños con autismo / Relation between coping and externalized and internalized problems in siblings of children with autism

Introducción: El trastorno del espectro autista es un problema del neurodesarrollo caracterizado por la presencia de dificultades en la comunicación social e interacción y en el comportamiento, el cual suele ser estereotipado y con intereses restringidos. El impacto que tiene la presencia de un niño con este trastorno en los hermanos, tiene diferentes matices. Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias de afrontamiento que utilizan los hermanos de niños con trastorno del espectro autista y analizar su relación con problemas externalizados e internalizados. Resultados: Participaron 23 niños (15 niños y 8 niñas) de 8 a 12 años de edad (edad promedio: 9.8; DE= 1,5). Se aplicó una ficha sociodemográfica para niños, la escala infantil de afrontamiento y el cuestionario de problemas internalizados y externalizados para niños. Los resultados indican que el factor disfuncional se utiliza con mucha frecuencia y que existen correlaciones positivas entre el afrontamiento disfuncional con problemas externalizados e internalizados y entre los factores centrado en la emoción y el evitativo con problemas internalizados. Conclusiones: En este grupo de hermanos de niños con trastorno del espectro autista, la correlación significativa entre el afrontamiento disfuncional y los problemas externalizados e internalizados, indica la necesidad de una evaluación profunda de posibles problemas de conducta y emocionales, la necesidad de aprender a responder de manera funcional ante las situaciones cotidianas, así como de una intervención para desarrollar estrategias de afrontamiento funcionales(AU)

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neuro-developmental disorder characterized by the presence of difficulties in social communication, social interaction and behavior, which is usually stereotyped and with restricted interests. The impact of the presence of a child with ASD in the siblings has different connotations and it has been found that these children have more positive than negative aspects. Objective: To identify the coping strategies used by siblings of children with ASD, and analyze their relation with externalized and internalized problems. Results: Participants were 23 children (15 boys and 8 girls) from 8 to 12 years old (average age: 9.8, D.E = 1.5). A socio-demographic index card for children was used in addition to the Children Coping Scale and the Questionnaire on Internalized and Externalized Problems for Children (EIA and CPIEN, by its acronyms in Spanish, respectively). The results indicate that the dysfunctional factor is very frequently used and that there are positive correlations between dysfunctional coping with externalized and internalized problems, and also between the factors focused on emotion and the avoidance with internalized problems. Conclusions: In this group of siblings of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, the significant correlation between disfunctional coping and externalized and internalized problems indicates the need of a deep assesment of possible behavioral and emotional problems, the need to learn how to respond in a functional way to daily life situations, as well as the need of an intervention to develop functional coping strategies(AU)

Características de los cuidadores principales de niños y adolescentes con fibrosis quística / Characteristics of main caregivers of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis

Introducción: Las investigaciones sobre los cuidadores han tomado importancia por los efectos negativos que provoca en las esferas físicas, psicológicas y sociales de estas personas, debido a su dedicación prolongada a la atención de enfermos cuyas dolencias les impiden totalmente su autocuidado. Objetivos: Referir las características de los cuidadores principales de pacientes pediátricos con fibrosis quística. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal realizado en el segundo semestre del 2016, con 54 cuidadoras principales de pacientes menores de 19 años, atendidos en los hospitales Pediátrico de Centro Habana, Juan Manuel Márquez, de Marianao, y el William Soler, de Boyeros. Resultados: Las cuidadoras son mujeres, madres en su mayoría, sin vínculo laboral, con nivel educativo medio superior, dedicadas al cuidado de los enfermos a tiempo completo, lo que interfiere su vida personal y social. Ante estas situaciones responden con mediana capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación ante las situaciones que les generan estrés. Conclusiones: Las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por las cuidadoras están afectadas pues no generan respuestas efectivas que les permita adaptarse y responder a las situaciones de forma óptima, por lo que se requiere reforzar los recursos que están utilizando. La meta de enfermería como ciencia y como disciplina es un factor muy importante para obtener esos recursos necesarios para mejorar la calidad de vida de los niños, adolescentes y sus cuidadores(AU)

Introduction: Research on caregivers has become important because of the negative effects this activity causes in the physical, psychological and social aspects of these people due to their prolonged dedication to the care of patients, whose illnesses prevent them from fully looking for themselves. Objective: To describe the characteristics of the main caregivers of pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the second semester of 2016, with 54 main caregivers of patients under 19 years old that were attended in Centro Habana Pediatric Hospital, Juan Manuel Márquez (Marianao´s municipality Pediatric Hospital), and William Soler (Boyeros municipality´s Pediatric Hospital). Results: Caregivers are women, mostly mothers, with no employment, with a medium superior level of education, who are devoted to caring for the sick patients full-time, and this interferes with their personal and social life. Given these situations, they respond with a medium capacity for coping and adapting to situations that generate stress. Conclusions: Coping strategies used by caregivers are affected because they do not generate effective responses that allow them to adapt and respond to situations in an optimal way, so it is necessary to reinforce the resources they are using. The goal of nursing as a science and as a discipline is a very important factor in obtaining those necessary resources to improve the quality of life of children, adolescents and their caregivers(AU)

Características de los cuidadores principales de niños y adolescentes con fibrosis quística / Characteristics of main caregivers of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis

Introducción: Las investigaciones sobre los cuidadores han tomado importancia por los efectos negativos que provoca en las esferas físicas, psicológicas y sociales de estas personas, debido a su dedicación prolongada a la atención de enfermos cuyas dolencias les impiden totalmente su autocuidado. Objetivos: Referir las características de los cuidadores principales de pacientes pediátricos con fibrosis quística. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal realizado en el segundo semestre del 2016, con 54 cuidadoras principales de pacientes menores de 19 años, atendidos en los hospitales Pediátrico de Centro Habana, Juan Manuel Márquez, de Marianao, y el William Soler, de Boyeros. Resultados: Las cuidadoras son mujeres, madres en su mayoría, sin vínculo laboral, con nivel educativo medio superior, dedicadas al cuidado de los enfermos a tiempo completo, lo que interfiere su vida personal y social. Ante estas situaciones responden con mediana capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación ante las situaciones que les generan estrés. Conclusiones: Las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por las cuidadoras están afectadas pues no generan respuestas efectivas que les permita adaptarse y responder a las situaciones de forma óptima, por lo que se requiere reforzar los recursos que están utilizando. La meta de enfermería como ciencia y como disciplina es un factor muy importante para obtener esos recursos necesarios para mejorar la calidad de vida de los niños, adolescentes y sus cuidadores(AU)

Introduction: Research on caregivers has become important because of the negative effects this activity causes in the physical, psychological and social aspects of these people due to their prolonged dedication to the care of patients, whose illnesses prevent them from fully looking for themselves. Objective: To describe the characteristics of the main caregivers of pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the second semester of 2016, with 54 main caregivers of patients under 19 years old that were attended in Centro Habana Pediatric Hospital, Juan Manuel Márquez (Marianao´s municipality Pediatric Hospital), and William Soler (Boyeros municipality´s Pediatric Hospital). Results: Caregivers are women, mostly mothers, with no employment, with a medium superior level of education, who are devoted to caring for the sick patients full-time, and this interferes with their personal and social life. Given these situations, they respond with a medium capacity for coping and adapting to situations that generate stress. Conclusions: Coping strategies used by caregivers are affected because they do not generate effective responses that allow them to adapt and respond to situations in an optimal way, so it is necessary to reinforce the resources they are using. The goal of nursing as a science and as a discipline is a very important factor in obtaining those necessary resources to improve the quality of life of children, adolescents and their caregivers(AU)

[Dimensions of work ethic as predictors of strategies to cope with stress]. / Wymiary etyki pracy jako predyktory strategii radzenia sobie ze stresem.

BACKGROUND: The article presents the mutual relations between the components of work ethic and the strategies of coping with stress used by employees of different branches. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Work ethic was presented as a syndrome of the following attitudes: perceiving work as a moral value, treating work as a central value in life, and the belief in the importance of hard work that leads to success. This ethic also consists of the following components: unwillingness to waste time, disapproval of spare time (anti-leisure), willingness to delay gratification, willingness to act honestly at work (morality/ethic), and being independent (self-reliance). Coping strategies were presented as 3 dimensions (obtained by application of factor analysis of the questionnaire scales COPE (Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced)): proactive cognitive operations, avoidance of action and seeking support. RESULTS: The study conducted on 360 employees of different branches shows that the dimensions of the work ethic are moderately related to strategies emphasizing proactive cognitive operations and poorly related to seeking support and avoidance of action. At the same time, the relations between work ethic and avoidance of action are negative (higher work ethic is linked with lower tendency to avoid action). CONCLUSIONS: Predictors of proactive cognitive operations are unwillingness to waste time, treating work as a central value in life, willingness to act honestly at work (morality/ethic) and being independent (self-reliance). Med Pr 2017;68(6):711-724.

The association between fear of cancer recurrence and quality of life among Chinese cancer survivors: main effect hypothesis and buffering hypothesis.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study is to examine whether fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is related to health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among Chinese cancer survivors, an understudied population (i.e., main effect hypothesis). Also, we investigated whether the FCR-HRQOL link is moderated by two coping strategies, avoidance and positive reappraisal (i.e., buffering hypothesis). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 238 Chinese cancer survivors in Beijing. Participants completed a set of questionnaires including FCR, coping, and HRQOL. RESULTS: FCR was related to lower physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-beings, even when demographics, cancer-related factors, and coping were taken into account. There was only one moderation effect between FCR and avoidance coping. Surprisingly, the detrimental effect of FCR on spiritual well-being was lessened among those with high avoidance coping such that the negative association between FCR and spiritual well-being was only found in those with low avoidance coping and not among those with high avoidance coping. CONCLUSIONS: Findings largely supported the main effect hypothesis. FCR was associated with diverse domains of HRQOL among Chinese cancer survivors. The buffering hypothesis was largely not supported in this population. Rather, in some cases, the effects of FCR and coping strategies on HRQOL were independent. Thus, ways to attenuate the harmful effects of FCR on HRQOL among Chinese cancer survivors remain unresolved. It is urgent and timely that future studies focus on FCR and HRQOL in this population.

Herramientas para hacer frente al Burnout en el personal de enfermería / Tools to face Burnout in nursing: social support, resilence and coping strategies

Objetivos. Establecer las diferencias en apoyo social, resiliencia, estrategias de afrontamiento y las tres dimensiones del burnout (agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y falta de realización personal) entre los profesionales de enfermería de unidades especiales y de hospitalización; determinar las variables psicológicas que predicen el burnout en dichos profesionales. Método. Estudio correlacional de tipo transversal. Participó una muestra de 133 profesionales de enfermería del Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada (Madrid), de los cuales 61 pertenecían a servicios especiales y 72 a hospitalización. Instrumentos: Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBIHSS), Subescala de Apoyo Social, 10-Item CD-RISC (resiliencia), Brief-Cope (afrontamiento) y variables sociodemográficas. Resultados. No se encontraron diferencias en ninguna de las variables psicológicas evaluadas en función del servicio hospitalario. El apoyo social, la resiliencia y las estrategias de afrontamiento determinaron las tres dimensiones del burnout: el apoyo social (β = -0.21), el afrontamiento de apoyo (β = -0.22) y el de falta de compromiso (β = 0.22) predijeron el agotamiento emocional; la resiliencia (β = -0.22) y el afrontamiento de falta de compromiso (β = 0.30) predijeron la despersonalización; y el afrontamiento de compromiso (β = -0.55) predijo la falta de realización personal. Conclusiones. Las diferencias en apoyo social, resiliencia, estrategias de afrontamiento y burnout no están determinadas por el servicio hospitalario. El apoyo social, la resiliencia y las estrategias de afrontamiento de compromiso y de apoyo (adaptativas) constituyen tres herramientas para hacer frente al burnout en el personal de enfermería. Dichas herramientas se podrían desarrollar mediante programas específicos desde las universidades y las instituciones sanitarias para mejorar la práctica clínica enfermera (AU)

Objectives. To establish the differences in social support, resilience, coping, and three burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment) among special units nursing and nursing staff of others hospital services; as well as to determine psychological variables that predict burnout in these professionals. Method. Correlational and cross-sectorial study. A sample of 133 nursing professionals from University Hospital of Fuenlabrada (Madrid) took part in the study, of whom 61 worked in special units and 72 in wards. Instruments: Maslach Burnout Inventory- Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), Social Support Subscale, 10- Item CD-RISC (resilience), Brief-Cope (coping), and sociodemographic variables. Results. No differences were found in any assessed psychological variables as regards hospital service worked in. Social support, resilience and coping strategies determined three burnout dimensions: social support (β = -0.21), support coping (β = -0.22) and disengagement coping (β = 0.22) predicted emotional exhaustion; resilience (β = -0.22) and disengagement coping (β = 0.30) predicted depersonalization; and engagement coping (β = -0.55) predicted reduce personal accomplishment. Conclusions. Differences in burnout, social support, resilience and coping strategies are not determined by hospital service. Social support, resilience, engagement coping, and support coping (adaptives) constitute three tools to face burnout in nursing. These tools could be developed by specific programs from universities and health institutions to improve nursing clinical practice (AU)

Navigating moral distress using the moral distress map.

The plethora of literature on moral distress has substantiated and refined the concept, provided data about clinicians' (especially nurses') experiences, and offered advice for coping. Fewer scholars have explored what makes moral distress moral If we acknowledge that patient care can be distressing in the best of ethical circumstances, then differentiating distress and moral distress may refine the array of actions that are likely to ameliorate it. This article builds upon scholarship exploring the normative and conceptual dimensions of moral distress and introduces a new tool to map moral distress from emotional source to corrective actions. The Moral Distress Map has proven useful in clinical teaching and ethics-related debriefings.

Psychological Distress in Chimpanzees Rescued From Laboratories.

The United States is one of the last countries allowing invasive research on chimpanzees. Biomedical research on chimpanzees commonly involves maternal deprivation, social isolation, intensive confinement, and repetitive invasive procedures. These physically harmful and psychologically traumatic experiences cause many chimpanzees to develop symptoms of psychopathology that persist even after relocation from laboratories to sanctuaries. Through semistructured interviews with chimpanzee caregivers, direct behavioral observations, and consultation of laboratory records, we were interested in qualitatively analyzing symptoms of psychological distress in a sample of 253 chimpanzees rescued from biomedical research now residing at an accredited chimpanzee sanctuary. We present the results of this analysis and include an illustrative case study of one rescued chimpanzee who engages in self-injurious behaviors and meets modified Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder. We discuss our results in light of recent policy changes regarding the use of chimpanzees in biomedical research in the United States and their implications for those involved in the rescue and rehabilitation of chimpanzees from biomedical research.

La desmotivación del profesorado universitario y su relación con variables sociodemográficas, laborales y de personalidad / No disponible

Este estudio analiza la relación de varias variables sociodemográficas (sexo, edad y estado civil), varias variables laborales (ámbito de conocimiento, categoría docente y años de ejercicio docente) y de personalidad (ansiedad rasgo y estrategias de afrontamiento) con la desmotivación docente. Participaron 66 profesores/as de la Universidad del País Vasco y de la Universidad Pública de Navarra (edad media = 40,48; DT = 9,02; 73% mujeres, 27% varones). Se utilizó la subescala "Desmotivación" de la Escala de Estrés Docente ED-6, el Cuestionario de Ansiedad Rasgo, el Responses to Stress Questionnaire adaptado y algunas medidas creadas ad hoc. Los análisis arrojaron diferencias significativas en sexo, edad y estado civil; también se hallaron diferencias en las variables laborales y de personalidad. El perfil de profesor desmotivado es una mujer joven, soltera, del ámbito de social, sin puesto estable, tendente a experimentar ansiedad y que emplea formas de afrontamiento adecuadas como la regulación emocional pero también la negación. Éstas y otras cuestiones que afectan a la desmotivación docente deberían ser tomadas en cuenta en la formación del profesorado universitario

This study analyzes the relationship between demotivation among teachers and sociodemographic (sex, age and marital status), work-related (area of expertise, teaching status and years spent teaching) and personality variables (trait anxiety and coping strategies). Participants were 66 lecturers at the University of the Basque Country and the Public University of Navarra (mean age = 40.48, SD = 9.02; 73% women, 27% men). The "Demotivation" subscale of the Teacher Stress Scale ED-6 was used, along with the Trait Anxiety Questionnaire, an adaptation of the Responses to Stress Questionnaire and some measures created ad hoc. The analyses revealed significant differences in sex, age and marital status; differences were also found in the work-related and personality variables. The profile of a demotivated teacher is a young, single woman from the social field, with no stable position and a tendency to suffer from anxiety, who uses adequate coping strategies such as emotional regulation, although scores highly also in denial. These and other questions which affect teacher demotivation should be taken into consideration during the training of university teaching staff

[Providing support to relatives of organ donors in the intensive care unit]. / Betreuung der Angehörigen von Organspendern an der Intensivstation.

BACKGROUND: Providing support and talking to the relatives of organ donors is one of the most difficult tasks in an intensive care unit. The quality of this task, especially the quality of the conversation, can be significantly improved by exact and timely preparation as well as by the creation of the respective framework conditions and training in the area of communication. REQUIREMENTS AND METHODS: The exact preparation includes knowledge about the patient and their relatives, their cultural and religious background, medical data, and the findings of examinations. An important aspect is the knowledge and the consideration of ethical differences in different cultures as well as overcoming language barriers with the help of an interpreter. Team meetings with the treating intensive care physician, the nursing staff, and the transplant coordinator ensure that all questions on the topic brain death and organ donation can be answered satisfactorily. At the beginning of the conversation, the uncomfortable news should be delivered. Only after the relatives have accepted the news about the death which can be recognized by their verbal and non-verbal statements should the doctor turn the conversation to organ donation. CONCLUSION: In the conversation, openness, empathy, authenticity, emotional support as well as friendly/attentive conversation technique are important. Communication skills can be improved through seminars and regular training.

A guest in the house: nursing instructors' experiences of the moral distress felt by students during inpatient psychiatric clinical rotations.

Significant research has been done on the impact of moral distress among nurses, particularly in acute and intensive care settings. However, little research to date has investigated the experiences that nursing students have with moral distress. Additionally, there is a dearth of research on the role of nursing instructors' perceptions of their responsibilities to their students when encountering morally distressing situations. This manuscript describes a qualitative study conducted with eight mental health nursing instructors who acknowledged a responsibility for helping students deal with moral distress and ethical issues, but who also struggled with ways to do so. Additionally, instructors expressed frustration with their "guest" status on inpatient psychiatric units and their powerlessness to effect moral change in a medical model of psychiatric care.

Evaluación de la efectividad del entrenamiento de estrategias de afrontamiento en el nivel de ansiedad precompetitiva en tenimesistas / Evaluation of the effectiveness of training in coping strategies for table tennis players ar overcoming pre-competition anxiety / Avaliação Da Efectividade Do Treino De Estratégias De Confronto No Nível De Ansiedade Pre-Competitiva Em Tenistas De Mesa

El estudio evaluó la efectividad de tres estrategias de afrontamiento sobre la ansiedad competitiva en jugadores de tenis de mesa. El grupo estuvo compuesto por 60 deportistas, de edad entre 13 y 18 años (M = 14.7), divididos en cuatro grupos: Grupo Control (n = 17), Respiración Diafragmática (n = 15), Relajación de Escaneo (n = 13) y Autodiálogo (n = 15 sujetos) quienes completaron el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo antes y después del entrenamiento psicológico y un mes después de finalizado éste. Los grupos de Autodiálogo y Respiración Diafragmática presentan diferencias significativas respecto al grupo control. No se apreciaron diferencias entre el grupo de técnica de Relajación de Escaneo y el Grupo Control excepto en el post-test

The study evaluated the effectiveness of three coping strategies aimed at overcoming competition anxiety in table tennis players. 60 players aged between 13 and 18 years old (M = 14,7) participated in the study, divided into four groups: a control group (n = 17), diaphragmatic breathing (n = 15), scan relaxation (n = 13) and self-dialogue (n = 15). The participants answered the State Trait Anxiety Inventory before and after the psychological training programme and also one month later. The self-dialogue and diaphragmatic breathing groups displayed significant differences in relation to the control group. No significant differences were found between the scan relaxation group and control group, except in the post-test evaluation

O estudo avaliou a efectividade de três estratégias de confronto sobre a ansiedade competitiva em jogadores de ténis de mesa. A amostra foi composta por 60 desportistas, com idades compreendidas entre os 13 e os 18 anos (M = 14.7), divididos em quatro grupos: Grupo de Controlo (n = 17), Respiração Diafragmática (n = 15), Relaxamento (n = 13) e Discurso Interno (n = 15) que completaram o Questionário de Ansiedade Estado-Traço antes e depois do treino psicológico e um mês depois deste ter finalizado. Os grupos de Discurso Interno e Respiração Diafragmática apresentaram diferenças significativas relativamente ao Grupo de Controlo. Não se verificaram diferenças entre o grupo de técnica de Relaxamento e o Grupo de Controlo, excepto no pós-teste